Last Class!

Today was our last class of the first semester. We had a test to finish off the year. The average score of all the tests was an 80. During class, after we all finished, Mr. Schick went down to the office to grade our tests and we got to see what we got. This class was a really fun class and I still have Mr. Schick next semester. I don't know what west civilization is going to be like but I don't think it will be much different from next semester. I had a good class this semester and I also have a good class next semester! I hope I'll be able to get a better grade in West Civ than what I got in Human Geo. I liked that we got to have a student teacher once and a while but I think we should have done more group work instead of just taking notes everyday. The google docs were a lot of fun too and helped doing projects and made it a lot easier! I was happy we did not have that much homework throughout the year and the blogs were an easy grade. I'm going to miss this year because it was a lot of fun but I also can't wait for West Civ! 

For the Test...

• animals need to be social to be domesticated
• zebras can't be domesticated because they are skiddish and nervous animals 
• all of the 14 animals that can help us, none of them are from Papa Newguinea and Africa
• South America only has 1 of the domesticated animals, Lama
• all the others are from North Africa, Europe, Asia
• town of Gware- 9,000 years old 
• people taught themselves how to make plaster
• settlements were abandoned in fertile crescent
• fertile crescent stretched laterally the same distance opposite directions so: vegetation, weather, and day time were all equal 
• Drah has grainery 
• Papa Newquinea- between Asia and Australia 
• moved out of Mesopotamia: got dry
• domesticated plants: easy to grow/store/nutritiousness
• 14 domesticated animals 
• domesticated animals: herbivore/over 100 lb/ has kids at young age/high archy/gets along with humans 

Guns, Germs and Steel (continued)

• various places that are able to grow crops
• China: rice
• America: corn, beans, squash
• Africa: sorgum, yams 
• Papa Newguinea: sago
• only allowed to live on the settlement if they became more productive 
• animal waste can be used as fertilizer
• goats and sheep are the first domesticated animals 
• if you want to have good domesticated animals you need to have animals that are able to give birth around the age of one or two
• Diamond counted 148 plant eating animals, over 100 pounds that are able to be domesticated:
• goats
• sheep
• pigs
• cows
• horse
• donkeys 
• camels (2 kinds)
• water buffalo
• lama 
• reindeer
• yaks 
• mithans 
• cattle 

Guns, Germs and steel

Jared Diamond:

• has traveled around the world
• Papua New guinea
• is a bird watcher
• UCLS Las Angeles professor (biologist)
• cargo- possessions or stuff you own 
• human Philosophy 
• Newguineans thought power was determined by race
• all great civilizations have some things in common:
• advanced technology 
• large population
• well organized work force
• sago tree- a lot of food in it

1. not super nutritious 
2. have to eat it quickly

• takes awhile to harvest 
• barley and wheat were food in the Middle East 
• very plentiful
• Drah- very earliest village or early official settlement 
• granary- a place to store food 
• domestication- cross pollination, cross breed things 

Urban Geography (The Second Urban Revolution)

The Second Urban Revolution 
  - a large scale movement of people to cities to work in manufacturing. Made possible by:

1. Second agricultural revolution that improved food production and created a larger surplus 
2. industrialization, which encouraged growth of cities near industrial resources 

                   *snowball effect*
During Second Half of 20th Century 
  - nature of manufacturing changed and locations changed too. Many factories have been abandoned, creating "rust belts" out of once-thriving industrial districts 

• houses and cities in Indus River were all the same size and all had access to the local sewer system 

Zones of a city:

• central business district (CBD)
• central city (the CBD + order housing zones)
• suburb (outlying, functioning uniform zone outside central city)

Edge City:

• suburban downtowns often located near key freeway intersections often with:

          - office complexes 

          - shopping centers 

          - hotels 

          - restaurants

          - entertainment facilities

          - sport complexes 

Making cities in the Global Core

• redlining- financial institutions refusing to lend money in certain neighborhoods 
• blockbusting- realtors purposefully sell a home at a low price to an African American and then solicit white residents to sell their homes at low prices to generate "white flight"

Urban Geography (continued)

As soon as people started growing things (grain and vegetables) that is the background of agricultural villages 

• food will already be there and it's less to hunt for
• build your home, live a better life (don't have to move a lot)
• not everyone has to worry about hunting
  *have a surplus*

Two components enable the formation of cities:

1. agricultural surplus
2. social stratification (leadership class)

Five hearths of urbanization 

• Mesopotamia 3500 BCE (Iraq)
• Nile River Valley 3200 BCE (Egypt)
• Indus River Valley 2200 BCE (India)
• Huang He and Wei River Valleys 1500 BCE (China)
• Mesoamerica 200 BCE (Guatemala or Mexico)

Mesoamerica

         - many ancient cities were theocratic centers 

Diffusion of Urbanization 

         - the Greek cities 

              by 500 BCE, Greeks were highly organized 

• network and more than 500 cities and towns 
• on the mainland and islands
• each city had an acropolis and an agora

         - the Roman cities

              a system of cities and small towns linked together with                     hundreds of miles of roads and sea routs 

• sites of roman cities were typically for trade
• a roman city's forum combined the acropolis and agora into one space
• roman cities had extreme wealth and extreme poverty (between 1/3 and 2/3 of empires population was enslaved)

         

Urban Geography

Urban Geography

*when and why did people start living in cities?*

• city: a conglomeration of people and buildings clustered together to serve as a center of politics, culture and economics 

Urban:

- the build up of a central city and the suburban realm

* 50% people live in urban areas*

• a rural area can become urbanized quite quickly in the modern world 

Example: Shenzhen, China

The first Urban Revolution

Agricultural Villages:

- before urbanization, people often clustered in agricultural villages 

• a relatively small egalitarian village where most of the population was involved